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In many ways, speeches are like movies. Exciting movies begin with a thrilling scene, just as effective speeches start with a compelling hook. Audiences walk away from a film thinking about the ending, much like they do when a speaker concludes by reinforcing the key takeaway.

But what about the content-heavy middle of a presentation? It doesn鈥檛 have the luxury of an intriguing opening or thought-provoking ending to support and sustain audience interest.

Fortunately, just like in movies, a little editing can help an audience stay engaged or, if necessary, re-engage. You can get and hold their attention with two key tactics: 1) Break up patterns of potentially numbing sameness; 2) Keep things simple.

Breaking the Pattern

鈥淛ust as we normally tune out the feel of our shirt, the gentle hum of a ceiling fan, and the comforting scent of our morning coffee, we tune out speakers who become too predictable,鈥� Brad Phillips, CEO at Throughline Group, a public speaking and media training firm, notes in a post on his . 鈥淸But] just as we evolved the capacity to tune out static, we developed a keen ability to detect change and movement in the environment.鈥�

鈥淭hink of studying in a hushed library when your focus is abruptly diverted by a man鈥檚 loud voice cutting through the air 鈥� When the established 鈥榩attern鈥� ends, we take note. And if we, as presenters, regularly break our patterns, we can go a long way toward helping our audiences remain interested and absorb our information,鈥� Phillips adds.

Sprinkle a few of the following pattern breaks into your presentation to keep the audience alert and primed for incoming points.

• Ask open-ended questions.
• Present a relevant and riveting story or case study.
• Show a visually stunning slide鈥攐r a completely blank one鈥攖o illustrate a point.
• Share a personal anecdote.
• Make a relevant joke.
• Vary your voice, volume, or pitch.
• Incorporate breakout discussions, exercises, or polls in a virtual meeting.
• Speak to different sections of the audience or walk to a different part of the room.
• Play a short video or audio file.
• Demonstrate a prop or object.
• Write or draw on a whiteboard or easel.
• Highlight a response posted in a virtual meeting chat.

Keep It Simple

Sometimes, the middle of a speech loses its stickiness because the information is too complex. To prevent your audience from getting overwhelmed or confused, keep simplicity, conciseness, and sharp focus in mind.

鈥淎s the expert, you should not attempt to tell [audiences] everything you know. Rather, you should ask the question, 鈥榃hat is most helpful for this audience to know鈥� and then share only that information,鈥� presentation coach Brian Krogh, who works with many biotech and pharmacological clients, advises in a .

Simplicity is especially important on visual slides. You can make those slide points more quickly comprehensible by:

• Using simple language and references a layperson can comprehend
• Limiting the amount of data you present on each slide (even if this means creating more slides)
• Emphasizing a single point on each slide (which gives your audience time to process it)
• Writing slide titles featuring points or headlines (which reinforces your points), not merely topics or content categories

Michael Alley, who teaches engineering communication at Pennsylvania State University and wrote The Craft of Scientific Presentations, developed what is called the assertion-evidence approach to keep audiences attentive during slide-heavy scientific research presentations. It involves using a one-sentence assertion at the top of each slide, with visual evidence below it, such as charts, photographs, or videos.

This 鈥渁ssertion-evidence鈥� approach is a good guide for keeping the middle slides more focused and memorable in any presentation.

You鈥檙e now at the end of this article, but take a moment to review its middle. Did the bullets, subheads, short paragraphs, and expert quotes break up what could have otherwise been a numbing wall of words?

If you agree that it did, then you know how to prevent your entire speech from getting muddy in the middle.

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